Electricity Class 10th notes part 2
Table of Contents
HEATING EFFECT OF CURRENT
When electric current is passed through a high resistance wire, like nichrome wire then resistance wire becomes very hot and produce heat, this is called heating effect of current.
W = Q X V
As we know I = Q/T
Or Q = I X T
So, W = I X T X V
W = I X T X I X R
W = I2RT
Assume that electric work done converted into heat energy. Thus
H = I2RT
Short Circuit
Short-circuiting occurs when the ends of a circuit are connected by a Conductor of very low resistance as compared to that of the circuit. In household connection, short-circuiting occurs when the live (positive) Wire and the neutral (negative) wire come in direct contact with each other.
This happens due to (i) damage to the insulation of the powerline (ii) a fault in an electric appliance due to which current does not pass through it.
ELECTRIC FUSE
An electric fuse is a device which is used in series to limit the current in an electric circuit so that it easily melts due to overheating when excessive Current passes through it. A Fuse is a wire of a material with very low Melting point.
Earthing
Earthing refers to the process of transferring the immediate discharge of electrical energy directly to the earth using a low-resistance wire. This is done to ensure that in case of a short circuit or any electrical fault, the excess charge has a safe path to the ground, which helps prevent electrical shocks and protects electrical appliances.
ROLE OF MAGNETISM IN MEDICINE AND ORGANISMS
The magnetic field in our body enables us to obtain the images of its different Parts by using a technique called MRI Magnetic resonance imaging) on Analyzing the images obtained through MRI. We are able to make a medical Diagnosis, e.g. location size of a tumor in brain etc. Thus, magnetism plays an important role in modern medical science.
OVERLOADING
If too many electrical appliances of high-power rating (like electric iron, water heater etc) are switched on at the same time, they draw an extremely large current from the circuit. This condition is called overloading, and it can cause overheating of the wiring and lead to a fire. It can also happen due to an accidental hike in the supply voltage.
Important Terms – Electricity
1. Electric Charge
The basic property of matter responsible for electrical effects. Its SI unit is Coulomb (C).
2. Electric Current
The rate of flow of electric charge through a conductor. Its SI unit is Ampere (A).
3. Electric Circuit
A closed conducting path through which electric current flows.
4. Potential Difference
The work done in moving a unit positive charge from one point to another. Its SI unit is Volt (V).
5. Volt
The SI unit of potential difference.
6. Ammeter
An instrument used to measure electric current. It is connected in series.
7. Voltmeter
An instrument used to measure potential difference. It is connected in parallel.
8. Resistance
The property of a conductor that opposes the flow of electric current. Its SI unit is Ohm (Ω).
9. Conductor
A material that allows electric current to pass through it easily.
10. Insulator
A material that does not allow electric current to pass through it easily.
11. Resistor
An electrical component used to provide resistance in a circuit.
12. Ohm’s Law
States that the current through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference across its ends, provided the temperature remains constant.
13. Resistivity
A property of a material that determines how strongly it opposes the flow of electric current. Its SI unit is Ohm metre (Ω·m).
14. Series Combination
A circuit in which resistors are connected one after another in a single path.
15. Parallel Combination
A circuit in which resistors are connected across the same two points, providing multiple paths for current.
16. Heating Effect of Electric Current
The phenomenon in which electrical energy is converted into heat when current passes through a conductor.
17. Joule’s Law of Heating
The heat produced in a conductor is proportional to the square of the current, the resistance, and the time.
18. Electric Power
The rate at which electrical energy is consumed or converted. Its SI unit is Watt (W).
19. Watt
The SI unit of electric power.
20. Kilowatt-hour (kWh)
The commercial unit of electrical energy used for measuring electricity consumption.
21. Fuse
A safety device that protects electrical appliances from excessive current by melting when the current exceeds the safe limit.
22. Electric Energy
The total electrical work done or energy consumed by an electrical appliance.
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